Polity~14 min read
FRs, DPSPs, Duties, Centre–State
Articles 12–35, 36–51, 51A, and the three lists plus Finance Commission.
| Cluster | Articles |
|---|---|
| Equality | 14–18 |
| Freedom | 19–22 |
| Against exploitation | 23–24 |
| Religion | 25–28 |
| Culture & education | 29–30 |
| Constitutional remedies | 32 |
| DPSPs | 36–51 |
| Duties | 51A (42nd; 86th added (k) education) |
- Art. 21: life and personal liberty — Maneka Gandhi expanded; includes livelihood, privacy (Puttaswamy), health, dignity.
- Art. 23: traffic in human beings and forced labour. Art. 24: child labour in hazardous employment under 14.
- DPSPs: Gandhian (40, 43, 46, 47, 48), Socialistic (38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 47), Liberal-intellectual (44, 45, 48A, 49, 50, 51).
- Minerva Mills: harmony between FRs and DPSPs; 42nd’s unlimited amendatory power struck down.
- Finance Commission (Art. 280): every 5 years; tax devolution, grants-in-aid, state FC measures. 15th FC chaired by N.K. Singh; 16th FC under Arvind Panagariya.
- GST Council (Art. 279A): Union FM chairs; 3/4 weighted majority; Union 1/3 weight.
- Emergency: 44th made Art. 352 ‘armed rebellion’ (not internal disturbance) and required written Cabinet advice.
Video Lectures & Q&A Discussions
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Theory Masterclass· StudyIQ IAS
Fundamental Duties & DPSPs: Lecture 15 of Indian Polity Simplified by DD Basu Series for UPSC
Focus: Full conceptual lecture and statutory breakdown.
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Q&A / MCQ Practice· UPSC Simplified
Conflicts btw FR & DPSP #viral #trending #upsc #constitution #bpsc #modi #protest #trending
Focus: Top MCQs & PYQ problem-solving discussion.
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